November 9

On the night of November 21, 1950, two trains collided head‑on on the Canadian Pacific Railway main line near Canoe River, British Columbia. The crash—caused by conflicting train orders on a single‑track mountain route—killed about 21 people, injured many more, and helped push Canadian railways toward clearer procedures and wider use of radio communications.

On November 16, 2008, a Mw 7.4 earthquake struck offshore the northern coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The shock — centered in the Celebes Sea near Gorontalo and felt across neighboring islands — produced strong coastal shaking, a brief tsunami threat with small local sea-level disturbances, and localized damage and loss of life in seaside communities. The event reinforced continuing efforts at tsunami warning and local preparedness after the 2004 disaster.

On November 19, 1977, TAP Air Portugal Flight 425, a Boeing 727 (registration CS‑TBR) arriving from Lisbon, overran the short, rain‑slick runway at Funchal (Santa Catarina) Airport in Madeira. Of the 164 people on board (156 passengers and 8 crew), 131 were killed and 33 survived. The accident — a long touchdown on a wet runway followed by an overrun, descent down a steep embankment, breakup and post‑impact fire — exposed the limits of both human judgment and airport infrastructure in demanding coastal conditions.